陶哲轩实分析课后习题,若自然数a是正的,则恰存在唯一一自然数b,使得b++ = a.

只有看了陶哲轩实分析的自然数部分,才明白题目的意思。b++是指b的增长,b的后继者。
郭敦顒回答:
我没看过陶哲轩实分析,但看这题的内容和用词就知道他的理论基础是皮亚诺的自然数公理(皮亚诺: 1858—1932意大利数学家和逻辑学家)
卡尔·亨佩尔在其论文《论数学真理的本性》注中介绍了作为数学基础的皮亚诺的公理系统——
现在考察一个公设系统,从它可以导出自然数的整个算术.这个系统是由意大
利数学家和逻辑学家皮亚诺(1858—1932)设计的.…术语“数”则专指自然数0,1,2,3….自然数n的后继有时简称升野n′,它用来指按自然顺序紧跟n的那个自然数.皮亚诺系统包含下列五个公设:
P⒈0是一个数.
P⒉ 任何数的后继是一个数.
P⒊ 不存在有同一后继的两个数.
P⒋0不是任何数的后继.
P⒌ 如果P是一个性质,使(a)0具有性质P,(b)当一个数n具有性质P时,
n的后继也具有性质P,那么每一个数都具有扮汪性质P.
最后一个公设体现了数学归纳原理,并且以非常明显的方式作出了通过规定
来坚持数学“真理”的例证.…
我们可以建立一个加法定义,它以精确的形式表达出把任何自然数加到某一给
定数上要被看做1的重复加法这样一种观念;后一运算立即可用后继关系来表达.加法定义有如下述:
D⒈ (a) n+0=n;   (b) n+k′=(n+k)′
这一递归定义的两点规定完全确定了任何两个整数的和.…
现在可以用递吵缺喊归定义来定义自然数的乘法,递归定义用严格的形式表达了这种
思想:两个整数的积nk可以被看成k个各等于n的项的和.
D⒉    (a) a·0=0;   (b) n·k′=n·k+n.

按照皮亚诺自然数公理
b++是指b的后继即b+1, b的后继=b+1,所以b++=b的后继,b++=b+1,
因为任何数的后继是一个数.在这里b的后继是一个数(b+1);并且不存在有同一后继的两个数.所以做为后继(b+1)它的前者不是两个数,而是唯一的一个数b。现在我们将(b+1)定义为a,于是
(b+1)= a,
∴b++=a
∴a做为后继它的前者不是两个数,而是唯一的一个数b,
也就是
若a是自然数,则恰存在唯一一自然数b,使得b++ = a;
或写为若a是自然数,则恰存在唯一一自然数b,使得b+1= a。
Strong Induction Hypothesis:
Suppose, for some natural number
k, that 1,...,k∈A. Inother words, we assume that the program works correctly for any array of length less than orequal to k. We now want to show that the induction hypothesis allows us to conclude that k+ 1∈A. To do this, we choose a arbitrary array of
k+ 1 numbers, represented by the tuple (array,0,k+1). When we input our array, (array,0,k+1), into the program, the
following will happen:
1. The program will compare 0 andk
+ 1, conclude that they are not equal (since we tookkto be from N), and continue with the program.
2. The program will compute the approximate middle of the array (the middle index is
k+1/2 rounded down to the nearest integer).
3. The program will call itself to find the largest number in the first half of the array.
4. The program will call itself to find the largest number in the second half of the array.
5. The program will compare the largest elements from the two halves of the array and
return the bigger of the two numbers.
We realize that the program will return the correct output if it can correctly find both the
largest number of the first half of the array and the largest number of the second half. Since
the mid≥0, both the first and the second halves of the array will have lengths less than the
length of the entire array (i.e. both lengths are less than or equal to k). But our induction
hypothesis tells us that the program works correctly for all arrays of length less than or equal
to k. So we conclude that the program can correctly find the largest number in the first and
second halves of the array, and thus correctly returning the largest number in the entire array.
Therefore
k+ 1∈A. "k+1 is unique because it is the largest."

Finally, we conclude, by the principle of mathematical induction, that
A is the set of all positive number
我也没有读懂题目的意思。
我没有读懂题目意思。
b++ 是什么含义?